4. Devatāvaggo

1. Appamādagāravasuttaṃ

32. Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

‘‘Sattime, bhante, dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā, dhammagāravatā, saṅghagāravatā, sikkhāgāravatā, samādhigāravatā, appamādagāravatā, paṭisanthāragāravatā. Ime kho, bhante, satta dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Idamavoca sā devatā. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Atha kho sā devatā ‘‘samanuñño me satthā’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi.

Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘imaṃ, bhikkhave, rattiṃ aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, bhikkhave, sā devatā maṃ etadavoca – ‘sattime, bhante, dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā, dhammagāravatā, saṅghagāravatā, sikkhāgāravatā, samādhigāravatā, appamādagāravatā, paṭisanthāragāravatā – ime kho, bhante, satta dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattantī’ti. Idamavoca, bhikkhave, sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.

‘‘Satthugaru dhammagaru, saṅghe ca tibbagāravo;

Samādhigaru ātāpī [samādhigāravatāpi ca (ka.)], sikkhāya tibbagāravo.

‘‘Appamādagaru bhikkhu, paṭisanthāragāravo;

Abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santike’’ti. paṭhamaṃ;

2. Hirīgāravasuttaṃ

33. ‘‘Imaṃ, bhikkhave, rattiṃ aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, bhikkhave, sā devatā maṃ etadavoca – ‘sattime, bhante, dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā, dhammagāravatā, saṅghagāravatā, sikkhāgāravatā, samādhigāravatā, hirigāravatā, ottappagāravatā. Ime kho, bhante, satta dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattantī’ti. Idamavoca, bhikkhave, sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.

‘‘Satthugaru dhammagaru, saṅghe ca tibbagāravo;

Samādhigaru ātāpī, sikkhāya tibbagāravo.

‘‘Hiri ottappasampanno, sappatisso sagāravo;

Abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santike’’ti. dutiyaṃ;

3. Paṭhamasovacassatāsuttaṃ

34. ‘‘Imaṃ , bhikkhave, rattiṃ aññatarā devatā…pe… maṃ etadavoca – ‘sattime, bhante, dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā, dhammagāravatā, saṅghagāravatā, sikkhāgāravatā, samādhigāravatā, sovacassatā, kalyāṇamittatā. Ime kho, bhante, satta dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattantī’ti. Idamavoca, bhikkhave , sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.

‘‘Satthugaru dhammagaru, saṅghe ca tibbagāravo;

Samādhigaru ātāpī, sikkhāya tibbagāravo.

‘‘Kalyāṇamitto suvaco, sappatisso sagāravo;

Abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santike’’ti. tatiyaṃ;

4. Dutiyasovacassatāsuttaṃ



4. 天神品
1. 不放逸恭敬经
32. 这时，有一位天神在深夜时分，以殊胜的容色照亮整个祇园，走近世尊所在之处。走近后，向世尊致敬，然后站在一旁。站在一旁的那位天神对世尊如是说：
"尊者，这七法能使比丘不退转。是哪七法？对师尊的恭敬，对法的恭敬，对僧团的恭敬，对戒律的恭敬，对禅定的恭敬，对不放逸的恭敬，对待客之道的恭敬。尊者，这七法能使比丘不退转。"那位天神如是说。导师表示赞同。然后那位天神知道"导师赞同我"，向世尊致敬，右绕后即在那里消失。
这时，世尊在那夜过后召集比丘们说："比丘们，昨夜有一位天神在深夜时分，以殊胜的容色照亮整个祇园，来到我这里。来到后，向我致敬，然后站在一旁。比丘们，站在一旁的那位天神对我如是说：'尊者，这七法能使比丘不退转。是哪七法？对师尊的恭敬，对法的恭敬，对僧团的恭敬，对戒律的恭敬，对禅定的恭敬，对不放逸的恭敬，对待客之道的恭敬。尊者，这七法能使比丘不退转。'比丘们，那位天神如是说。说完后，向我致敬，右绕后即在那里消失。"
"敬重导师与正法，深敬僧团不懈怠，
专注禅定勤精进，对戒律怀深敬意。
比丘恭敬不放逸，善待来客有礼节，
永不退转必成就，趋向涅槃近在前。"第一
[未完待续，请让我继续翻译后续内容]

35. ‘‘Imaṃ , bhikkhave, rattiṃ aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā…pe… ‘sattime, bhante, dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā, dhammagāravatā, saṅghagāravatā, sikkhāgāravatā, samādhigāravatā, sovacassatā, kalyāṇamittatā. Ime kho, bhante, satta dhammā bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattantī’ti. Idamavoca, bhikkhave, sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.

Evaṃ vutte āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imassa kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Idha, bhante, bhikkhu attanā ca satthugāravo hoti, satthugāravatāya ca vaṇṇavādī. Ye caññe bhikkhū na satthugāravā te ca satthugāravatāya samādapeti. Ye caññe bhikkhū satthugāravā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena. Attanā ca dhammagāravo hoti…pe… saṅghagāravo hoti… sikkhāgāravo hoti… samādhigāravo hoti… suvaco hoti… kalyāṇamitto hoti, kalyāṇamittatāya ca vaṇṇavādī. Ye caññe bhikkhū na kalyāṇamittā te ca kalyāṇamittatāya samādapeti . Ye caññe bhikkhū kalyāṇamittā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālenāti. Imassa kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmī’’ti.

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta! Sādhu kho tvaṃ, sāriputta, imassa mayā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāsi. Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu attanā ca satthugāravo hoti, satthugāravatāya ca vaṇṇavādī. Ye caññe bhikkhū na satthugāravā te ca satthugāravatāya samādapeti . Ye caññe bhikkhū satthugāravā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena. Attanā ca dhammagāravo hoti…pe… saṅghagāravo hoti… sikkhāgāravo hoti… samādhigāravo hoti… suvaco hoti… kalyāṇamitto hoti, kalyāṇamittatāya ca vaṇṇavādī. Ye caññe bhikkhū na kalyāṇamittā te ca kalyāṇamittatāya samādapeti. Ye caññe bhikkhū kalyāṇamittā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālenāti. Imassa kho, sāriputta, mayā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti. Catutthaṃ.

5. Paṭhamamittasuttaṃ

36. ‘‘Sattahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato mitto sevitabbo. Katamehi sattahi? Duddadaṃ dadāti, dukkaraṃ karoti, dukkhamaṃ khamati, guyhamassa [guyhassa (ka.)] āvi karoti, guyhamassa [guyhaṃ assa (sī.), guyhassa (ka.)] pariguhati [parigūhati (sī. syā.), pariguyhati (ka.)], āpadāsu na jahati, khīṇena [khīṇe (ka.)] nātimaññati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, sattahi aṅgehi samannāgato mitto sevitabbo’’ti .

‘‘Duddadaṃ dadāti mitto, dukkarañcāpi kubbati;

Athopissa duruttāni, khamati dukkhamāni ca [dukkhamānipi (sī. syā.)].

‘‘Guyhañca tassa [guyhamassa ca (syā.)] akkhāti, guyhassa parigūhati;

Āpadāsu na jahāti, khīṇena nātimaññati.

‘‘Yamhi etāni ṭhānāni, saṃvijjantīdha [saṃvijjanti ca (ka.)] puggale;

So mitto mittakāmena, bhajitabbo tathāvidho’’ti. pañcamaṃ;

6. Dutiyamittasuttaṃ

37. ‘‘Sattahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu mitto sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo api panujjamānenapi [paṇujjamānenapi (sī.)]. Katamehi sattahi? Piyo ca hoti manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo ca vattā ca vacanakkhamo ca gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā hoti, no ca aṭṭhāne niyojeti . Imehi kho, bhikkhave, sattahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu mitto sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo api panujjamānenapī’’ti.

‘‘Piyo garu bhāvanīyo, vattā ca vacanakkhamo;

Gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā, no caṭṭhāne niyojako [niyojaye (sī. syā.)].

‘‘Yamhi etāni ṭhānāni, saṃvijjantīdha puggale;

So mitto mittakāmena, atthakāmānukampato;

Api nāsiyamānena, bhajitabbo tathāvidho’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

7. Paṭhamapaṭisambhidāsuttaṃ



35. "比丘们，昨夜有一位天神...（略）...'尊者，这七法能使比丘不退转。是哪七法？对师尊的恭敬，对法的恭敬，对僧团的恭敬，对戒律的恭敬，对禅定的恭敬，善顺，以及亲近善友。尊者，这七法能使比丘不退转。'比丘们，那位天神如是说。说完后，向我致敬，右绕后即在那里消失。"
说完这些后，尊者舍利弗对世尊说："尊者，对于世尊简略所说，我如是详细理解其义：在此，尊者，比丘自己恭敬师尊，并赞叹恭敬师尊；若有其他比丘不恭敬师尊，他劝导他们恭敬师尊；若有其他比丘恭敬师尊，他适时如实称赞他们。他自己恭敬法...恭敬僧团...恭敬戒律...恭敬禅定...善顺...亲近善友，并赞叹亲近善友；若有其他比丘不亲近善友，他劝导他们亲近善友；若有其他比丘亲近善友，他适时如实称赞他们。尊者，我如是详细理解世尊简略所说之义。"
"善哉！善哉！舍利弗！你善解我简略所说之详细含义。舍利弗，比丘自己恭敬师尊，并赞叹恭敬师尊；若有其他比丘不恭敬师尊，他劝导他们恭敬师尊；若有其他比丘恭敬师尊，他适时如实称赞他们。他自己恭敬法...恭敬僧团...恭敬戒律...恭敬禅定...善顺...亲近善友，并赞叹亲近善友；若有其他比丘不亲近善友，他劝导他们亲近善友；若有其他比丘亲近善友，他适时如实称赞他们。舍利弗，我简略所说应如是详细理解。"第四
5. 第一善友经
36. "比丘们，具备七种特质的朋友值得亲近。是哪七种？施难施之物，行难行之事，忍难忍之事，向他吐露秘密，为他保守秘密，困境中不离弃，贫穷时不轻视。比丘们，具备这七种特质的朋友值得亲近。"
"善友施难施，能行难行事，
容忍难忍言，亦忍难忍事。
向他明己密，善守他人密，
患难不相弃，贫时不轻视。
若人具此德，堪为真善友，
欲得善友者，应当亲近之。"第五
6. 第二善友经
37. "比丘们，具备七法的比丘，即使被驱逐也应当亲近、结交、承事。是哪七法？可爱可意，可敬可重，善于劝导，能容忍言语，能谈论深义，不导人非处。比丘们，具备这七法的比丘，即使被驱逐也应当亲近、结交、承事。"
"可爱又可敬，善导能容言，
深谈有智慧，不导人非处。
若人具此德，堪为真善友，
求友怀慈悲，纵遭他排斥，
仍应亲近之，此乃明智事。"第六
[等待继续翻译第七经]

38. ‘‘Sattahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu nacirasseva catasso paṭisambhidā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyya. Katamehi sattahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ me cetaso līnatta’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘ajjhattaṃ me saṃkhittaṃ citta’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; bahiddhā vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘bahiddhā me vikkhittaṃ citta’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; tassa viditā vedanā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti; viditā saññā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti; viditā vitakkā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti; sappāyāsappāyesu kho panassa dhammesu hīnappaṇītesu kaṇhasukkasappatibhāgesu nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, sattahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu nacirasseva catasso paṭisambhidā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyyā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.

8. Dutiyapaṭisambhidāsuttaṃ

39. ‘‘Sattahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato sāriputto catasso paṭisambhidā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Katamehi sattahi? Idha, bhikkhave, sāriputto ‘idaṃ me cetaso līnatta’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘ajjhattaṃ me saṃkhittaṃ citta’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; bahiddhā vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘bahiddhā me vikkhittaṃ citta’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; tassa viditā vedanā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti; viditā saññā…pe… vitakkā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti; sappāyāsappāyesu kho panassa dhammesu hīnappaṇītesu kaṇhasukkasappatibhāgesu nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, sattahi dhammehi samannāgato sāriputto catasso paṭisambhidā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

9. Paṭhamavasasuttaṃ

40. ‘‘Sattahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu cittaṃ vase [vasaṃ (ka.)] vatteti, no ca bhikkhu cittassa vasena vattati. Katamehi sattahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu samādhikusalo hoti, samādhissa samāpattikusalo hoti, samādhissa ṭhitikusalo hoti, samādhissa vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, samādhissa kalyāṇakusalo hoti, samādhissa gocarakusalo hoti, samādhissa abhinīhārakusalo hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, sattahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu cittaṃ vase vatteti, no ca bhikkhu cittassa vasena vattatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.

10. Dutiyavasasuttaṃ

41. ‘‘Sattahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato sāriputto cittaṃ vase vatteti, no ca sāriputto cittassa vasena vattati. Katamehi sattahi? Idha, bhikkhave, sāriputto samādhikusalo hoti, samādhissa samāpattikusalo, samādhissa ṭhitikusalo, samādhissa vuṭṭhānakusalo, samādhissa kalyāṇakusalo, samādhissa gocarakusalo, samādhissa abhinīhārakusalo hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave , sattahi dhammehi samannāgato sāriputto cittaṃ vase vatteti, no ca sāriputto cittassa vasena vattatī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.

11. Paṭhamaniddasasuttaṃ



7. 第一无碍解经
38. "比丘们，具备七法的比丘不久即能以自己的智慧证得、实现并安住于四无碍解。是哪七法？在此，比丘们，比丘如实了知'这是我心的退缩'；如实了知内心收摄时'我的心是内收的'；如实了知外心散乱时'我的心是外散的'；他觉知受的生起，觉知受的住立，觉知受的消失；觉知想的生起，觉知想的住立，觉知想的消失；觉知寻的生起，觉知寻的住立，觉知寻的消失；对于有益无益、低劣殊胜、黑白对应的诸法，他善把握其相，善作意，善持守，以智慧善通达。比丘们，具备这七法的比丘不久即能以自己的智慧证得、实现并安住于四无碍解。"第七
8. 第二无碍解经
39. "比丘们，舍利弗具备七法，以自己的智慧证得、实现并安住于四无碍解。是哪七法？在此，比丘们，舍利弗如实了知'这是我心的退缩'；如实了知内心收摄时'我的心是内收的'；如实了知外心散乱时'我的心是外散的'；他觉知受的生起，觉知受的住立，觉知受的消失；觉知想...觉知寻的生起，觉知寻的住立，觉知寻的消失；对于有益无益、低劣殊胜、黑白对应的诸法，他善把握其相，善作意，善持守，以智慧善通达。比丘们，舍利弗具备这七法，以自己的智慧证得、实现并安住于四无碍解。"第八
9. 第一自在经
40. "比丘们，具备七法的比丘能驾驭其心，而不被心所驾驭。是哪七法？在此，比丘们，比丘善巧于定，善巧于定的进入，善巧于定的安住，善巧于定的出离，善巧于定的清净，善巧于定的行处，善巧于定的决意。比丘们，具备这七法的比丘能驾驭其心，而不被心所驾驭。"第九
10. 第二自在经
41. "比丘们，舍利弗具备七法，能驾驭其心，而不被心所驾驭。是哪七法？在此，比丘们，舍利弗善巧于定，善巧于定的进入，善巧于定的安住，善巧于定的出离，善巧于定的清净，善巧于定的行处，善巧于定的决意。比丘们，舍利弗具备这七法，能驾驭其心，而不被心所驾驭。"第十
[等待继续翻译第十一经]

42. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Atha kho āyasmato sāriputtassa etadahosi – ‘‘atippago kho tāva sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkameyya’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tehi aññatitthiyehi paribbājakehi saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tena kho pana samayena tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘‘yo hi koci, āvuso, dvādasavassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti.

Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ bhāsitaṃ neva abhinandi nappaṭikkosi. Anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi – ‘‘bhagavato santike etassa bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānissāmī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi – ‘atippago kho tāva sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkameyya’nti. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā tehi aññatitthiyehi paribbājakehi saddhiṃ sammodiṃ. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃ. Tena kho pana, bhante, samayena tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘yo hi koci, āvuso, dvādasavassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, niddaso bhikkhūti alaṃ vacanāyā’ti. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ bhāsitaṃ neva abhinandiṃ nappaṭikkosiṃ. Anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃ [pakkāmiṃ (sī. syā.)] – ‘bhagavato santike etassa atthaṃ ājānissāmī’ti. Sakkā nu kho, bhante, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye kevalaṃ vassagaṇanamattena niddaso bhikkhu paññāpetu’’nti?

‘‘Na kho, sāriputta, sakkā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye kevalaṃ vassagaṇanamattena niddaso bhikkhu paññāpetuṃ. Satta kho imāni, sāriputta, niddasavatthūni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni.

[a. ni. 7.20; dī. ni. 3.331] ‘‘Katamāni satta? Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu sikkhāsamādāne tibbacchando hoti āyatiñca sikkhāsamādāne avigatapemo, dhammanisantiyā tibbacchando hoti āyatiñca dhammanisantiyā avigatapemo, icchāvinaye tibbacchando hoti āyatiñca icchāvinaye avigatapemo, paṭisallāne tibbacchando hoti āyatiñca paṭisallāne avigatapemo, vīriyārambhe tibbacchando hoti āyatiñca vīriyārambhe avigatapemo, satinepakke tibbacchando hoti āyatiñca satinepakke avigatapemo, diṭṭhipaṭivedhe tibbacchando hoti āyatiñca diṭṭhipaṭivedhe avigatapemo. Imāni kho, sāriputta, satta niddasavatthūni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Imehi kho, sāriputta, sattahi niddasavatthūhi samannāgato bhikkhu dvādasa cepi vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāya; catubbīsati cepi vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāya; chattiṃsati cepi vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāya, aṭṭhacattārīsaṃ cepi vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.

12. Dutiyaniddasasuttaṃ




42. 于是，尊者舍利弗在早晨时分，着衣持钵，进入舍卫城（今印度北方邦斯拉瓦斯提遗址）托钵。这时，尊者舍利弗心想："现在进入舍卫城托钵还太早。我不如去其他外道游方者的精舍。"于是尊者舍利弗前往其他外道游方者的精舍，到达后与那些外道游方者互相问候。寒暄礼节完毕后，坐在一旁。当时，那些聚集在一起的外道游方者之间产生了这样的谈话："朋友们，任何人若圆满清净地修行梵行十二年，就可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'。"
这时，尊者舍利弗对这些外道游方者所说的既不赞同也不反对。不赞同也不反对后，从座位起身离开，心想："我要去世尊处了解这话的含义。"于是尊者舍利弗在舍卫城托钵完毕，饭后返回，前往世尊处。到达后，向世尊礼敬，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者舍利弗对世尊说：
"世尊，我今天早晨着衣持钵，进入舍卫城托钵。世尊，我那时想：'现在进入舍卫城托钵还太早。我不如去其他外道游方者的精舍。'世尊，于是我前往其他外道游方者的精舍，到达后与那些外道游方者互相问候。寒暄礼节完毕后，坐在一旁。世尊，当时那些聚集在一起的外道游方者之间产生了这样的谈话：'朋友们，任何人若圆满清净地修行梵行十二年，就可以称为完全解脱的比丘。'世尊，这时我对这些外道游方者所说的既不赞同也不反对。不赞同也不反对后，从座位起身离开，心想：'我要去世尊处了解这话的含义。'世尊，在这法与律中，是否可以仅仅依靠年数的计算来认定一位完全解脱的比丘？"
"舍利弗，在这法与律中，不能仅仅依靠年数的计算来认定一位完全解脱的比丘。舍利弗，我已经亲自证知并宣说了七种完全解脱的要素。
"是哪七种？舍利弗，在此，比丘对受持学处有强烈的意愿，且将来对受持学处不失其爱好；对法义的思惟有强烈的意愿，且将来对法义的思惟不失其爱好；对调伏欲望有强烈的意愿，且将来对调伏欲望不失其爱好；对独处有强烈的意愿，且将来对独处不失其爱好；对精进有强烈的意愿，且将来对精进不失其爱好；对正念与明智有强烈的意愿，且将来对正念与明智不失其爱好；对见解的证悟有强烈的意愿，且将来对见解的证悟不失其爱好。舍利弗，这就是我亲自证知并宣说的七种完全解脱的要素。舍利弗，具备这七种完全解脱要素的比丘，即使圆满清净地修行梵行十二年，可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'；即使二十四年，可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'；即使三十六年，可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'；即使四十八年，可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'。"
第十一经完。
12. 第二完全解脱经

43. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – ‘‘atippago kho tāva kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkameyya’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā tehi aññatitthiyehi paribbājakehi saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Tena kho pana samayena tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘‘yo hi koci, āvuso, dvādasa vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti.

Atha kho āyasmā ānando tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ bhāsitaṃ neva abhinandi nappaṭikkosi. Anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi – ‘‘bhagavato santike etassa bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānissāmī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi – ‘atippago kho tāva kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkameyya’nti…pe… tehi saddhiṃ sammodiṃ. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃ.

‘‘Tena kho pana, bhante, samayena tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘yo hi koci, āvuso, dvādasavassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, niddaso bhikkhūti alaṃ vacanāyā’ti. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ bhāsitaṃ neva abhinandiṃ nappaṭikkosiṃ. Anabhinanditvā, appaṭikkositvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃ – ‘bhagavato santike etassa bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānissāmī’ti. Sakkā nu kho, bhante, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye kevalaṃ vassagaṇanamattena niddaso bhikkhu paññāpetu’’nti?

‘‘Na kho, ānanda, sakkā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye kevalaṃ vassagaṇanamattena niddaso bhikkhu paññāpetuṃ. Satta kho imāni, ānanda, niddasavatthūni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni.

‘‘Katamāni satta? Idhānanda, bhikkhu, saddho hoti, hirīmā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, satimā hoti, paññavā hoti. Imāni kho, ānanda, satta niddasavatthūni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Imehi kho, ānanda, sattahi niddasavatthūhi samannāgato bhikkhu dvādasa cepi vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāya; catubbīsati cepi vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāya; chattiṃsati cepi vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāya, aṭṭhacattārīsaṃ cepi vassāni paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, ‘niddaso bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.

Devatāvaggo catuttho.


43. 如是我闻：一时，世尊住在憍赏弥（今印度北方邦克桑比）的乔师多园。那时，尊者阿难在早晨时分，着衣持钵，进入憍赏弥托钵。这时，尊者阿难心想："现在进入憍赏弥托钵还太早。我不如去其他外道游方者的精舍。"于是尊者阿难前往其他外道游方者的精舍，到达后与那些外道游方者互相问候。寒暄礼节完毕后，坐在一旁。
当时，那些聚集在一起的外道游方者之间产生了这样的谈话："朋友们，任何人若圆满清净地修行梵行十二年，就可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'。"
这时，尊者阿难对这些外道游方者所说的既不赞同也不反对。不赞同也不反对后，从座位起身离开，心想："我要去世尊处了解这话的含义。"于是尊者阿难在憍赏弥托钵完毕，饭后返回，前往世尊处。到达后，向世尊礼敬，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者阿难对世尊说：
"世尊，我今天早晨着衣持钵，进入憍赏弥托钵。世尊，我那时想：'现在进入憍赏弥托钵还太早。我不如去其他外道游方者的精舍。'（中略）与他们互相问候。寒暄礼节完毕后，坐在一旁。
"世尊，当时那些聚集在一起的外道游方者之间产生了这样的谈话：'朋友们，任何人若圆满清净地修行梵行十二年，就可以称为完全解脱的比丘。'世尊，这时我对这些外道游方者所说的既不赞同也不反对。不赞同也不反对后，从座位起身离开，心想：'我要去世尊处了解这话的含义。'世尊，在这法与律中，是否可以仅仅依靠年数的计算来认定一位完全解脱的比丘？"
"阿难，在这法与律中，不能仅仅依靠年数的计算来认定一位完全解脱的比丘。阿难，我已经亲自证知并宣说了七种完全解脱的要素。
"是哪七种？在此，阿难，比丘具有信仰，具有惭耻心，具有畏惧心，多闻博学，精进努力，具念正知，具有智慧。阿难，这就是我亲自证知并宣说的七种完全解脱的要素。阿难，具备这七种完全解脱要素的比丘，即使圆满清净地修行梵行十二年，可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'；即使二十四年，可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'；即使三十六年，可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'；即使四十八年，可以称为'完全解脱的比丘'。"
第十二经完。
天神品第四终。


Tassuddānaṃ –

Appamādo hirī ceva, dve suvacā duve mittā;

Dve paṭisambhidā dve vasā, duve niddasavatthunāti.

其摄颂：
不放逸与惭耻，二善语二亲友；
二无碍二自在，二完全解脱事。
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